| Regular Interaction | A – Course Structure & Presence | Establishes predictable instructor communication and course organization | Weekly announcements, pacing reminders, course updates, module introductions, instructor availability statements |
| Regular Interaction | B – Engagement Monitoring & Support | Responds to patterns in student engagement or participation | Outreach to students who miss work, early-alert messages, progress check-ins, feedback surveys, encouragement messages |
| Substantive Interaction | A – Live Instruction | Provides real-time instructor-led teaching aligned with course outcomes | Live Zoom lectures, instructional office hours, concept explanations, breakout activities with debriefs |
| Substantive Interaction | B – Individualized Feedback | Advances learning through personalized feedback on student work | Comments on essays, audio/video feedback, revision guidance, rubric-based qualitative feedback |
| Substantive Interaction | C – Course-Level Instructional Response | Addresses patterns in student understanding across the class | Clarification announcements, assignment debriefs, mini-lessons responding to common errors |
| Substantive Interaction | D – Embedded Activity Facilitation | Provides instruction during active learning activities | Instructor participation in discussion threads, probing questions, clarifying misconceptions during activities |
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