Origin stories, or creation myths, likely date back to the very beginnings of human existence. These narratives address one of humanity’s most fundamental questions: how did the world and everything within it come to be? Beyond offering explanations, origin stories have also shaped people’s worldviews and influenced their relationships with their surroundings. What is particularly…

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Karl Heinrich Marx (1818–1883) and Friedrich Engels (1820–1895) viewed history as a series of class struggles, where conflicts between opposing social classes shaped new modes of production and ushered in new historical epochs. They also subscribed to the concept of historical materialism, which posits that a society’s economic base—its means of production and labor relations—determines…

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